​Energy and growth are intimately related. There will be a pronounced increase in energy demand in the next decades associated with economic development and population growth worldwide. This situation will exacerbate current issues related to the dependency on fossil fuels, its environmental consequences and the mismatch between the geographic distributions of supply and demand. Energy and quality of life parameters for Latin American countries fall between those of the developed economies of Europe, North America, and eastern Asia, and the values of the least developed nations, many of which are in Africa. Quality of life statistics are aggravated by high social inequality in most Latin American countries. Argentina is well positioned compared to other Latin American countries; however, in order to prevent energy-limited growth, Argentina needs to accommodate energy demands associated to population growth as well as increase per capita consumption. A sustainable worldwide energy system will require proper long-term national policies within a global approach, strategic pricing that takes into consideration production costs and life-cycle waste processing, reduced population growth rates, and efficiency and conservation with associated changes in cultural patterns.